It’s well-known that there’s a significant worry sweeping across America regarding the Zika virus. This mosquito-borne illness often shows little to no symptoms, making it hard to detect. Most concerning, however, is its impact on unborn children. In pregnant women, Zika can lead to severe birth defects such as microcephaly, visual impairments, hearing loss, and stunted growth. The fear of Zika is amplified by its recent emergence in mosquitoes in parts of Miami.
However, we might be overlooking another significant threat. Like Zika, West Nile virus is also a flavivirus that is transmitted by mosquitoes. Identified in New York in 1999, West Nile virus spreads when mosquitoes bite infected birds and then go on to bite humans. Notably, 80% of those infected will remain unaware, while the remaining 20% may experience fever, body aches, and rashes. Tragically, less than 1% can develop severe neurological conditions, such as encephalitis or meningitis, with a mortality rate of 10% among those who become severely ill.
Every summer, outbreaks of West Nile occur, and since its arrival in the U.S., it has resulted in the deaths of approximately 1,700 individuals. Unlike Zika, which is primarily travel-related and localized to specific regions, West Nile virus has been reported across all of the contiguous United States.
As of this year, there have been 662 cases of West Nile reported, with 323 categorized as “neuroinvasive,” indicating serious illness. Unfortunately, 18 people have already lost their lives to this virus. In 2002, West Nile virus reached epidemic levels, with 2,942 cases of severe illness—including in very young children. The virus tends to have a more substantial impact on those with weakened immune systems, including infants and the elderly.
While the risks of both Zika and West Nile may seem low, the reality is that West Nile poses a greater threat to a broader population. The stark visual of a baby suffering from birth defects due to Zika can evoke a stronger emotional response than the notion of an elderly person passing away from West Nile. Pregnant women carry their hopes and dreams within them, so when those are jeopardized, fear takes hold.
Moreover, Zika is relatively new to us, while West Nile has been part of our landscape for over 17 years. Media coverage surrounding Zika has intensified, stoking public fear, whereas West Nile virus is often overlooked despite its prevalence.
Mothers may not be rushing to protect their children against West Nile virus in the same way they are for Zika, but the reality is that the risks of West Nile are far more tangible. Preventive measures for both viruses are similar: eliminate standing water, use mosquito repellents containing DEET, and wear protective clothing during dawn and dusk. Additionally, since West Nile includes birds in its transmission cycle, it’s wise to keep children away from dead birds and report any sightings to local health authorities.
While Zika primarily threatens a specific demographic—namely, pregnant women—West Nile poses a risk to the entire population. It’s essential not to underestimate this flavivirus, which is much more widespread and potentially harmful than Zika. For more information about West Nile cases in your area, you can visit the CDC’s statistics, and for further reading on pregnancy and home insemination, check out this excellent resource.
In conclusion, while both viruses are concerning, our focus should shift towards understanding and addressing the more pervasive threat of West Nile virus.