In discussions about the Civil War, one often hears claims that it wasn’t fought over slavery. Many assert that it was about “states’ rights” or “economic issues.” Prior to delving deeper into this topic, I found myself questioning, “If it wasn’t about slavery, then what was it about?” The responses typically lean toward vague notions of state autonomy or financial disagreements.
However, the documents produced during the secession of Southern states clearly articulate their intention to uphold slavery as a key reason for their departure from the Union. Given the availability of these historical records, it’s perplexing that the argument persists. A 2011 Pew study revealed that 48% of respondents believed the Civil War was primarily about “states’ rights,” while only 38% acknowledged slavery as the main cause.
The roots of the narrative that downplays slavery’s role can be traced back to the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC). Formed in 1894, the UDC has significantly shaped perceptions of the Confederacy, portraying those who fought to maintain slavery in a more favorable light.
Who Are the United Daughters of the Confederacy?
The UDC claims to be the oldest patriotic lineage organization in the United States. Their stated objectives include honoring Confederate soldiers, preserving historic sites, and collecting materials for an accurate history of the Civil War. However, their actions, particularly in erecting and defending Confederate monuments, reveal a deeper agenda that extends beyond mere historical preservation.
Revising Historical Narrative
The UDC is notorious for its role in the proliferation of Confederate statues and its resistance to their removal. Yet, their influence extends further—impacting educational content across the Southern United States. In the early 20th century, they placed portraits and flags in schools and initiated essay contests on topics like “The Right of Secession.”
The Rutherford Committee of 1919, led by prominent UDC member Mildred Rutherford, produced pamphlets that called for the rejection of any educational materials claiming the South fought to maintain slavery. Their pamphlet included assertions that the North was to blame for the war and that slaves were treated well.
For decades, the UDC successfully lobbied to fill Southern schools with textbooks that distorted the truth about the Civil War. One textbook used in North Carolina claimed that slaves were generally well-treated and that any mistreatment was rare.
The Ongoing Impact Today
A significant portion of the U.S. population, especially in the South, continues to believe that the Civil War centered on abstract concepts like “states’ rights,” portraying the North as the aggressor and romanticizing the South’s struggle. This misinformation has been perpetuated through generations of education, affecting nearly 70 million students from 1889 to 1969, during the height of the Jim Crow era.
These distorted views contribute to a stubborn sense of superiority among those who cling to these myths. When confronted with discussions about systemic racism or police violence against Black individuals, those who believe in these narratives may react defensively, further entrenching their positions.
Beliefs and perceptions matter. The UDC still exists today, though its influence has diminished somewhat. They continue to spread false narratives and remain respected in certain circles, despite the easily verifiable truths of history that contradict their claims. Recognizing the harmful impact of this organization is essential for moving forward.
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- Daughters of the Confederacy influence on education
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Summary:
The United Daughters of the Confederacy have played a significant role in shaping a false narrative surrounding the Civil War, promoting the idea that it was not primarily about slavery. Their influence on education and public perception has perpetuated myths that continue to affect societal attitudes today. Recognizing the historical inaccuracies they promote is crucial for addressing systemic racism and understanding the past.