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Recent studies reveal that pregnant and breastfeeding individuals may experience a delayed immune response after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. While experts have consistently advocated for vaccination in this demographic, new findings suggest that these women may take longer to generate a robust immune defense after their initial vaccine dose, resulting in a temporary reduction in their antibody response.
A study published in the journal Science Translational Medicine this month highlights that pregnant and breastfeeding women may show a slower response to their first vaccine dose, requiring more time to build up sufficient antibodies for effective protection against COVID-19. However, after the second dose, their immune response appears to normalize. Researchers emphasize the importance of ensuring timely administration of the second dose and recommend that pregnant or breastfeeding individuals take precautions to avoid infection during the interval between doses.
The research involved 84 pregnant women, 31 breastfeeding women, and 16 non-pregnant women, all within the same age range, who received either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines. Findings indicated that after the first dose, the antibody levels in pregnant and breastfeeding participants were lower than those in their non-pregnant counterparts, and the antibodies present were less effective against COVID-19. By two to six weeks following the second dose, however, the antibody levels in pregnant and breastfeeding women matched those of non-pregnant individuals.
Scientists believe this differing response may stem from the immune system adaptations during pregnancy, which prevent the body from attacking the fetus, considered a foreign entity. This alteration can also increase the vulnerability of pregnant women to severe illness or death from COVID-19. Previous studies suggested a slightly diminished immune response in pregnant women post-vaccination, but limited data was available due to the exclusion of pregnant individuals from early vaccine trials.
The women in this study received their vaccinations at various stages of pregnancy, and researchers hope this work will pave the way for further studies to identify the optimal time for vaccination during pregnancy. Nevertheless, the findings should not discourage vaccination; instead, they reinforce the need for pregnant women to implement additional safety measures, such as social distancing and mask-wearing, to protect themselves.
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In summary, research indicates that pregnant and breastfeeding individuals may have a slower immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine, particularly after the first dose. It is crucial for these women to receive their second dose promptly and adopt additional protective measures during the interim period.