The financial impact of raising children is well-known, but the effects on mothers’ earnings extend even further. While you may be aware of the gender pay gap, many may not realize that mothers face an even larger disparity. A recent study reveals that mothers continue to earn less than their childless counterparts, and unfortunately, the situation is deteriorating.
Published by the Center for Equitable Growth, the research indicates that the pay gap for mothers with one child rose from 9 percent between 1986 and 1995 to 15 percent from 2006 to 2014. For mothers with two children, the gap has remained constant at 13 percent, while those with three or more children face a staggering 20 percent pay disparity compared to women without kids. As the expenses of childcare grow, mothers with the highest financial burdens are at the greatest risk of under-earning.
The findings are derived from the University of Michigan’s Panel Study of Income Dynamics, which has tracked around 18,000 individuals from 5,000 families since 1968. This comprehensive research underscores a widespread issue affecting mothers.
The Motherhood Penalty
The so-called “motherhood penalty” is a phenomenon that seemingly targets mothers alone. Research consistently shows that fathers, in contrast, tend to see their earnings increase after having children. This growing pay gap coincides with the increasing number of working mothers, which rose from 47 percent in 1975 to 70 percent in 2015.
Why Is There No Improvement for Mothers?
Experts point to a significant lack of supportive family policies such as paid parental leave and affordable childcare. Countries that prioritize workplace equity have successfully reduced gender pay gaps by implementing such measures. “Universal subsidized childcare has the most significant effect on reducing the motherhood penalty,” states Dr. Emily Carter, who has extensively examined how different countries support mothers.
The struggle for affordable childcare is all too familiar for many mothers. A recent report indicates that the national average cost for childcare hovers around $8,700 annually. Single parents often allocate about 36 percent of their income for the care of one child, while married couples spend only 10 percent.
Employer Bias and Discrimination
Additionally, employers continue to penalize mothers for taking maternity leave long after they return to work. John Taylor, CEO of the National Association for Family Leave, noted that while mandated paid parental leave is beneficial, it does not eliminate bias against women who have taken time off.
Although it’s illegal to discriminate against parents for their family obligations, incidents of such discrimination are still rising according to a 2016 report. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission lacks the resources to thoroughly address these issues, leaving many women vulnerable. “If they had more investigators, workplaces would likely enforce fairness more effectively,” Dr. Carter explained. “What we often see is a learned behavior in employers on how to operate within the law rather than a commitment to fairness.”
The Reality for Mothers in the Workforce
For mothers in the workforce, the reality is stark: many are not receiving the compensation they rightfully deserve. If you’re interested in exploring more about the journey to motherhood, check out this excellent resource on pregnancy and home insemination.
In summary, the motherhood pay gap is a pressing issue that continues to worsen, with mothers facing significant financial disadvantages compared to their childless peers. Without systemic change and supportive policies, this disparity is unlikely to improve.