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As temperatures rise, humans rely on sweating to cool down, but dogs have a tougher time managing their body heat. Covered in fur, they are particularly vulnerable to heatstroke, a condition that can be lethal yet is easily preventable.
Unlike humans, dogs have only a few sweat glands located on their paws and snouts, which are not very effective. They primarily rely on panting to regulate their temperature. However, when panting isn’t sufficient to cool them down, hyperthermia can occur. The normal body temperature for dogs is around 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit, and any increase above this puts them at risk.
The American Kennel Club’s Canine Health Foundation identifies two main causes of heatstroke in dogs: exposure to extreme heat—such as being left in a hot car or outside in the sun—and overexertion, which can happen even in mild temperatures. For instance, even Iditarod sled dogs can experience this type of hyperthermia.
Distinguishing Heat Stress, Exhaustion, and Stroke
As a dog’s temperature rises, symptoms progress through several stages:
- Heat Stress: Dogs pant excessively with their tongues hanging out flat. Their cheeks may pull back, revealing their teeth and gums.
- Heat Exhaustion: If not addressed, heat stress can lead to exhaustion, characterized by uncontrollable panting, potential vomiting, diarrhea, stumbling, or even fainting.
- Heatstroke: This is the most severe and life-threatening form of hyperthermia. Dogs may experience seizures, fall into a coma, or die if not treated promptly.
How to Respond to Heatstroke in Dogs
Immediate action is crucial in cases of heatstroke. Veterinarian Jamie Collins emphasizes the importance of cooling the dog down and seeking veterinary help right away. “Hyperthermia is a medical emergency,” she explains. Controlled cooling is essential. Pour cool—not cold—water over the dog’s head, belly, and armpits, or use damp cloths. These should be replaced often to avoid retaining heat. Ensure airflow around the dog to enhance evaporative cooling until veterinary care can be obtained.
Factors like the duration of exposure, the temperature reached, and the dog’s age will affect their prognosis. While many healthy dogs may recover quickly with prompt treatment, some can suffer long-term organ damage or complications.
Heatstroke in Cats
Although less common, cats can also suffer from heatstroke. Cats, like dogs, have limited sweat glands and can experience heatstroke from being trapped in hot environments. Older, overweight cats, brachycephalic breeds, or those with health issues are particularly at risk. Signs include excessive panting, disorientation, lethargy, vomiting, and thick salivation.
To treat a cat experiencing heatstroke, move them to a cooler environment, place them on a wet towel, and offer water (adding broth can encourage drinking). Cool them with water spray and a fan until their temperature reaches a safe level, then take them to the vet.
Preventive Measures
During the hot months, be cautious with pets. Avoid walking them on hot surfaces, as this can burn their paws. If it’s too hot for you to walk barefoot on pavement, it’s too hot for them too. Always carry plenty of water for hydration.
Common Questions About Heatstroke in Dogs
- How long should a dog be outside in the heat? Limit outdoor time in temperatures above 90°F to about 15 minutes. Morning and evening walks are best during hot weather, and be mindful of each breed’s heat tolerance. Always check your dog’s temperature; it should never exceed 104°F.
- Can heat affect my dog’s bowels? Yes, heat exhaustion can disrupt their gastric system, potentially leading to diarrhea. If severe, veterinary care is necessary.
- How long does heatstroke last in dogs? Symptoms may clear up quickly, but recovery can take days or weeks, depending on the severity of the heatstroke.
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Summary:
Heatstroke in dogs is a preventable yet dangerous condition that can escalate quickly if not addressed. Understanding the signs, ensuring proper cooling methods, and taking preventive actions can protect your furry friends from severe health risks during hot weather.